Belonging – the Simple Gift’ by Steven Herrick and Ort – the Ugly Duckling’ by Hans Christian Anderson

To belong is to fit in, or to be rightly placed in a specified position or environment. The idea of belonging is a dynamic and an essential aspect of human life which can come through, due to the connections made with the concepts of identity, place, relationships, acceptance and understanding to oneself and other people. These aspects of belonging are demonstrated through the free verse novel, ‘The Simple Gift’ by Steven Herrick, and the fairy tale of ‘The Ugly Duckling’ by Hans Christian Anderson. In the very early stages of ‘The simple gift', Herrick displays sixteen year old, Billy Luckett’s, sense of alienation by using his first person character to highlight social issues such as hostility within his family, leading it to break down, and his feeling of loneliness and worthlessness of identity. This is conveyed in the poem ‘Long lands Road’, where billy’s internal conflict is shown through his un-satisfaction of his original community in which he lived in and was a part of, leaving him disappointed and also a sense of embarrassment towards his identity. He states this clearly with the words, ‘My Street. My Suburb. ’, showing terms of ownership of the place in which his identity currently belongs too, but does not like, giving us a sense of in closure and displacement. This continues as he describes his street, as he throws rocks on the roof â€Å"of each deadbeat no-hoper shithole lonely downtrodden house in Long lands Road, Nowheresville†. The use of colloquialism of Billy’s vulgar language, further demonstrates Billy’s displacement, dislike and disappointment towards long lands road, symbolising a decaying and depressing environment. Billy then ends up taking control of himself and moving out of home. Billy then finds himself on a freight train, in search of a new place to go to, to try and gather a feeling of belonging. After travelling â€Å"two kilometres down the track†, he finds himself freezing cold. The harshness of the cold on the train indicates billy's insecurity about belonging and this indicates that Billy desires to feel warm and needed instead of cold and isolated. He then encounters the train driver, Ernie. Ernie see’s billy and has a conversation with him. He tells him to â€Å"make a cuppa if you want, and here’s some sandwiches, too much salad for my liking†¦ Keep warm; I’ve got a train to drive. † This making Billy feeling accepted and belonging, and being made feel at home by Ernie and a sense of warmth. Herrick has used juxtaposition to demonstrate how Billy has gone from being cold, to feeling a sense of warmth that he is now being comforted with Ernie to the town of Bendarat. Herrick also creates a contrast between billy’s dad and Ernie, â€Å"There are men like Ernie and there are other men, men like my dad. emphasizing Billy’s like for Ernie’s character, as Ernie makes Billy feel like he belongs. In the chapter of ‘Locks and Keys’ Old Bill gives the keys to the old home to Billy and Caitlin. This scene symbolises Old Bill giving over ‘the simple gift’ to Billy. It also gives Billy the feeling of being accepted by Old Bill and belonging. He also learns no t only to understand himself but to also understand Old Bill and Caitlin. Billy also understands how to identify his identity and sense of placement by realising â€Å"I can decide what I really want to do here in Bendarat†. In the last chapter, Denouements have been made, and loose ends have been tied up, where the relationships between Caitlin and Old bill are now stronger and reconnected. The relationship is symbolised through the motif of Old Bill and Bill sharing the Weet-Bix for breakfast. The words â€Å"and I looked up into the sky, the deep blue sky that Old Bill and I shared†, demonstrate that belonging can go far, and the relationship between Old bill and Billy can grow together stronger, as well as the identities of both characters are enabled to grow further, to enrich the self-worth, self-esteem and self-growth of the individuals. Similarly, In ‘The Ugly Duckling’, when the last duckling was hatched, the other ducks took a look at him and stereotyped and judged the duckling, â€Å"It is very large and not at all like the others. I wonder if it really is a turkey†. The duckling was left out of society, with the same sense of loneliness and displacement, because it was not the same as the rest of society. The mother duckling then took her ducklings down to the moat, to prove that the ugly duckling was a normal duckling. Despite all the judgment of the others, the mother took pride of her son, â€Å"see how nicely he uses his legs, and how straight he holds himself. The mother then tried to include her son into the community, â€Å"I’ll lead you out into the world and introduce you to the duck yard. † But there too, the duckling got mocked and taunted, â€Å"what and ugly looking fellow, He’s too big and strange†, lowering the ducklings self-esteem and self-worthiness. And again the mother stuck up for her son, â€Å"let him alone, He isn’t doing any harm. † The ugly duckling that, â€Å"looked so ugly was pecked and pushed about and made fun of†. Anderson has created a sense of sympathy from the audience from using emotive anguage and alliteration. It got so bad, that the ugly duckling got â€Å"chased and buffeted† by everyone including his brothers, sisters and even his own mother. He was â€Å"nipped†, â€Å"pecked†, and â€Å"kicked by the girl who fed him†. â€Å"So he ran away; and flew over the fence. † The use of action verbs create the scene of the duckling being a defenceless creature being forced to flee, as a result of the social rejection on all fronts. Similarly to Billy, as he left home as he was abused by his drunken father as well. After running through a great hunt, the ugly duckling had encountered a flock of birds that appeared out of the reeds. â€Å"The duckling had never seen birds so beautiful. They were dazzling white with long graceful necks. They were swans. They uttered a very strange cry as they unfurled their magnificent wings to fly from this cold land, away to warmer countries and to open waters† The use of bucolic language used by the composer to describe the swans triggers us to gain an insight of how much love the ugly duckling has for the creatures. Like the change in temperature Billy experiences on the train, the magnificent birds fly from the cold land that the ugly duckling is stuck on as it experiences unacceptance by others and not being able to belong in society, as the swans move into a more accepted, belonging environment together. He then had to go through â€Å"the hardships and wretchedness† of the cruel winter, to make it into the â€Å"beautiful springtime†. He swept through the air much strongly than before. He flew over the water and re encountered the â€Å"splendid swans†. Bowing his head, thinking he would be attacked and killed, seeing his mirrored self. And was â€Å"no longer the reflection of a clumsy, dirty, grey bird, ugly and offensive. He himself was a swan! † The composer has shown us that after all the hardships the ugly duckling had endured that, he finally found where he belonged. It was a place of acceptance amongst the other swans. After a life time of torcher and alienation he could be happy, because he belonged where he was loved. Belonging is not a set list that must include a connection to people, places, objects and to the wider world, but everyone’s idea of belonging is different but it involves a deeper emotional sense of fulfilment and connection made with yourself, the relationships you have, and with the wider world, but this is different for each person depending on their needs and life experiences, thus forming the foundation of an individual’s self-image, self-worthiness, self-esteem and self-growth.

Saving Energy

As globalization makes the world become smaller, it becomes increasingly easy to see how the lives of people everywhere especially on our OU’s campus synced up with one another. The truth is that every single thing we do every day has an impact on the planet—good or bad. The good news is that as an individual you have the power to control most of your choices and therefore, the impact you create: from where you live to what you buy, eat and use to light your dorm/apartment, to where and how you travel to classes. Today when something is broken, or worn out, it is thrown away.Recycling conserves our natural resources, saves landfills space, conserves energy and reduces water pollution, air pollution and the green house gases emissions that cause global warming. Many may not understand the real benefits of recycling, four things are most important when it comes to recycling including Saving Energy, Reducing Pollution, Saving Natural Resources, and Saving Space. On our col lege campus, there is almost endless variety of programs, weather academic or administrative, that require information to be collected and stored on a regular basis.These can include admission or job application request and RSVP’S for training events, among others. While all these forms are being used, do people have in mind how many trees they are using and how they can give back to the environment and to the university by daily recycling. There are many ways of recycling and going green on campus. By the end of this paper you’re going to want to live green and recycle for the cost of the earth and you’re on campus environment.Saving Energy is one of the major concerns here on Oakland University campus. After doing some intense research I came to find out that OU’s campus spends over six million dollar a year on heating, cooling, and electricity. Many times students take living on campus for granted and don’t realize how expensive things are, beca use they don’t have a direct electricity bill. So when you’re in your dorm and leave the television, the light, and your cell phone plugged in you wasting electricity which is causing harm to your campus.One way of saving energy is to simple cut off your laptop, and when you’re not using your phone charger, television, toaster, microwave, and so forth just unplug the appliances and keep in mind it’s for your campus, earth, and not to mention your pockets; when it comes to tuition payments. Another way of saving energy is compact fluorescent light bulbs. They use about seventy five percent less energy than standard incandescent bulbs and last up to 10 times longer. I would recommend that Oakland University adopts saving energy through lighting every dorm, apartment, bathroom, and hallway with compact fluorescent light bulbs.Reducing pollution is the second issue that needs to be addressed on OU’s campus. People go on their everyday daily routine wit hout noticing the environment surround them. I must say Oakland University campus is very clean but there are some underground pollutants that you just don’t see walking to class. However, there are diffidently some changes that can be made by everyone to even better our OU’s community. In order for this school to reduce or eliminate the amount of pollutant and waste it generates, an attitude of â€Å"less is better† should be adopted.All students, teachers, administrative staff, and janitors must ask themselves â€Å"Is there a different way to do this that generates less waste or uses safer materials? † This is the part of recycling that is fun and for everyone to take apart in. First, dispose of all litter in trash cans so that the litter does not get washed into near-by storm sewers. Next, use recycle products on campus as much as possible, such as paper and other environment-friendly products. Water based paints, and non toxic floor and desk cleaner would be good idea to bring forward to the janitor.

Best Day Essay Example for Free

Best Day Essay Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints Have you ever felt the emotion when you are going to see your favorite band or singer alive in a concert. This happened to me when I went to Sofia last year to see one of my favorite singers Enrique Iglesias. It was fantastic experience that I will never forget. The day was near, it was ten days befor the concert, and every day I asked my father for permission and money. One day he finally said â€Å"yes†, and he gave me the money. He told me that it was the gift for my birthday. I was so happy and immediately called my friend to tell her about the news. The next day we bought our tickets and we were waiting for the big day.We couldn’t believe that we would be in the most waited concert on September 29th , we never thought that in few hours, we would sing all the song of our favorite singer. When we arrived,we sat in the chairs, and we were waiting for Enrique. The lights turned off and all the auditory screamed like they were crazy. The orchestra began to play one of my favorite songs. The best singer appeared in the scene. That moment was so awesome and exciting for me, and everyone was all of the songs. In conclusion, I will tell tha, the concert was a big experience for me and I was so happy. At the end, we bought some souvenirs from the concert, like a shirt, some posters and a cup. The concert finished at 12 p.m. and we came back to our town with an experience that I will never forget. I will remember this moment as if it had been yesterday. Best Day. (2017, Feb 27).

Violent Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Violent Media - Essay Example Their mind gets perplexed due to such exposures and they do not know how to react. Either they become aggressive and retaliate or they develop fear psychosis and feel frightened, insecure and unsafe. They may even resist going to the school. In such cases, the parents should not neglect the situation and accompany the child to the school find out the root cause of violence and tackle the situation in a peaceful manner by taking assistance from the school administrators. Parents are the first arbitrators for any complicated situations the children face in the school or in the neighborhood.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Parents are certainly the most important persons in the life of children and they will listen to their counsel more than what they are willing to accommodate the articulations of the TV anchors. Parents need to develop open communication with the children, encourager and support, provide positive reinforcements and save them from being exposed to negativities. Never try to o utsmart the children with dishonest or evasive replies. When they find out the truth about the issue, they will have poor opinion about your honesty. In the next opportune moment, they may not trust you at all even if you give the correct information to them. Talk to them again and again, lovingly and in a persuasive manner. What happens when children are exposed to negative side of life? â€Å"The dual-identity concept at the heart of many superhero stories helps kids negotiate the conflicts between the inner self and the public self.

Ethics & Information Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics & Information Technology - Essay Example The ethical dilemmas manifest the need to make ethical and legal decisions to guarantee the rights and satisfy the needs of all technology users and the public. This has led to establishment of information technology policies that guides the access, use, and transmission of information technology in the society. Any violation of the policies defines unethical behavior in information technology. However, the advancements in technology allow users to gather, store, manipulate, and communicate technological information, which defines a revolution in the use and dissemination of information that creates ethical dilemmas (Lynch 1). In addressing the ethical dilemmas, information ethics seeks to establish an ethical background that will enhance fair, equitable, and responsible practices with reference to access, privacy, security, and ownership. Nevertheless, it is difficult to develop a specific code of ethics in information technology due to its dynamic nature (Berzai 1). Maner notes, â€Å"That the involvement of computers in human conduct can create entirely new ethical issues, unique to computing, that do not surface in other areas† (4). The most dominant ethical problems in IT include ownership disputes, cybercrime, data theft, and hacking, viral infection, unauthorized access to data, hardware, and software, responsibility for computer failure, and inefficiency (Be rzai 1). Notably, computer ethics is significant and interesting since computers play special roles in modern society. James H. Moor defines computer ethics as â€Å"the analysis of the nature and social impact of computer technology and the corresponding formulation and justification of policies for the ethical use of such technology† (1). In absence of computer technology, we would not have computer ethics in the society. Indeed, computer ethics focuses on personal and societal

ASSIGNMENT 2 CRIMINOLOGY REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

ASSIGNMENT 2 CRIMINOLOGY REPORT - Essay Example 22). Since then, crime rates have been lessened in England and Wales. According to the Crime in England and Wales 2003/2004 annual report, violent crimes comprised 23% of all BCS crimes and 19% of police-recorded crime (Dodd et al, 2004, p. 11). The British Crime Survey (BCS) estimated 2,708,000 violent incidents occurred against adults in England and Wales (Dodd et al 2004, p. 67), which, overall, is a decrease of 36% in crime since 1995 (p. 67). However, in 2004 BCS report also noted that violent crime has stabilized (p. 67)). The police recorded 1,109,017 violent incidents, which is a 12% increase since 2002/2003, partly attributed to the implementation of the NCRS (p. 67), increases in the reporting of crime by the general public, increases in police activity, and improvements in recording crime (p. 69) For more than a quarter of a century, from 1969 to 1996, burglary and theft accounted consistently for about half of all recordable offences in England and Wales. The peak was reached in 1992 when they made up 52 percent of recorded crime. By 2004-5 the four types of theft accounted collectively 30% of all crime, according to British Crime Survey report (Home Office 2007). During the time period under study, there was a steady increase in robberies with two peaks followed by sharp declines occurring in 1996 and 2001-02, the latter of which may be partly attributed to the implantation of the NCRS. Ninety percent of the robberies were of personal property, while the balance was robberies of businesses (Dodd et al., 2004, p. 79). The BCS also recorded increases in the robbery rates between 1981 and its 2003-04 interviews, with a peak in 1999. Following this peak, rates declined significantly (-32%). In the Crime in England and Wales 2003-04 report, the conclusion was that for this time period, robbery numbers were too low to provide reliable estimates, although

Life after Hurricane Katrina Personal Statement

Life after Hurricane Katrina - Personal Statement Example I was forced to develop my critical thinking skills when I spent six months trying to find a job but got nowhere. I was at a crossroads where I needed to make a decision about whether my time was better spent continuing to look for work, which may or may not have been a fruitful search, or whether I should rededicate myself to pursuing academics in order to invest in my future and in my husband's future. The latter decision would be an enormous sacrifice. We really needed to make ends meet; and finding a way to boost my income rather than spending money on my education would have been the easy decision to make. Nevertheless, after seriously thinking through the options, I began to realize that making the choice to go to work now would have meant giving up on my future. I had to think critically about what I would be gaining and losing under both options. Working right away would have helped us to live more comfortably in the short term, but would have locked us into a situation where we would always be living on the edge of subsistence. Perhaps most importantly, I knew I would never really be happy. I had decided long ago that my happiness was directly linked to my work in the medical profession. I began to realize I would always harbor some resentment toward myself if I gave up on that dream in order to placate a temporary crisis in my life. Researching my options for breaking back into the medical profession led me to discover that this was the right course of action. It has been my lifelong vision to care for the health and the quality of life of other human beings. Ultimately, my ability to think critically led me to the conclusion that I needed to think with my heart and never give up on my hopes and dreams, regardless of whatever crises I might be confronted with in my life. Moreover, Katrina's impact on my life has led me to the conclusion that perseverance is the fundamental ingredient for achieving any kind of dreams that one may have. Perseverance entails not only a willingness, but an absolute resolve to stay the course in the pursuit of one's goals, despite even the most serious challenges that may arise. Without perseverance, it is easy to get side-tracked and lose focus on the ultimate objective. Perseverance enables a person to transform an apparent tragedy like Katrina into a real opportunity to further one's progress toward a goal. Without it, the ramifications of that hurricane would be affecting my life today to a much greater extent that it has been allowed to. Perseverance is the key tool for saying "no" to a tragedy: "you will NOT rob me of my goals and dreams!" Perseverance has also come into play in my life when other, less serious, challenges have arisen. It has enabled me to be true to my values at many points in my life. My values, including my prioritization of family, work and other responsibilities, my guidelines for my treatment of others, my principles for handling ethical dilemmas, and my overall life philosophy, have all been heavily influenced by various people, institutions and events in my life. Perseverance has enabled me to stay grounded in my values regardless of what life has thrown at me. There have been many experiences in my life that

Description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Description - Essay Example However, bees are the most prevalent or common because these can be breed (raised and propagated in artificial hives) and perform the pollination function much more efficiently compared to other insects, animals, or so-called carriers of pollen or termed as vectors. Bees are very important to human survival, because without them, pollination cannot take place and many products in agriculture, such as fruits and vegetables, will not be available if not for the bees. However, it is also alarming that bees themselves are under serious environmental threats. It is estimated some $40 billion to $50 billion worth of agricultural products are due to the pollination activities of these bees (Abrol 762). Bees are very crucial for survival of the human species. Discussion Besides pollination, bees are also well known for their honey. I remember when I was still a young kid, my mom used to make me eat honey at breakfast. I can still very vividly recall its sweet taste in my mouth; among the sug ars available from Mother Nature, it is honey that has most health (anti-bacterial) beneficial effects. People today are more health conscious as compared to earlier generations; honey as a natural sweetener is much better to the artificial sweeteners in the supermarkets today (Chepulis 37); whenever I see honey, I remember bees. Since ancient times, honey has been considered to have medicinal properties, but it is only now, with the use of modern science, that its chemical composition has been analyzed to know what makes honey a powerful tonic, and even as an aphrodisiac. Science has confirmed the firm belief of the people in antiquity that honey contains many of the elements essential for good health, among them anti-oxidants amino acids, vitamins, and minerals (Sharma 14). One can eat plenty of honey without getting the ailments associated with sugars or sweets such as diabetes, heart diseases, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and vascular diseases. I was walking home one day when I heard a persistent buzzing sound. At first, I did not know immediately what it was; I had originally thought I just imagined hearing the sound, a buzzing sound in my ears, because there is something wrong with my hearing. Only later on did I realize a big bee was buzzing and flitting from flower to flower in our home garden. This garden has been planted with a variety of flowers, and the bee made great use of the spring. It flew among the red flowers, sipping the nectar of each bud and seemed tremendously happy. What a sight it was! A bee is very graceful when flying; its wings beat at 190-250 times per second! (Micucci 28). This frequency can be compared with the wing beats of a butterfly (4-20 times per second, while the fly beats its wings at 1,000 times a second). A honey bee actually has two pairs of wings, and its wings are so small compared to its body weight, it is defying both the laws of gravity and aerodynamics because of so much energy from honey! Honey bees are one of the most useful insects in the world, and it is difficult to have a good harvest without them pollinating all the flowers of the fruits and vegetables. The apple is an example, without bees pollinating their blossoms, no apple can be produced. Further, a lot of people may not know it, but bees also make beeswax used for making candles (during earlier times when electricity was not yet harnessed to produce lighting); candles made from beeswax have a higher

Formal research report topic Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Formal report topic - Research Paper Example This section will form the foundation of the research and will assist in development of the comparison between the two companies. Pepsi is one of the leading brands of cola drinks across the world. Pepsi was founded in 1898 when a pharmacist experimented with various juices and syrups and invented the famous beverage Pepsi. With the intense efforts by the company and the highly levels of marketing and advertising, the company became renowned across the world. The company has adopted a number of different strategies for marketing as well as sales and has been able to develop strong brand recognition and brand equity across the globe (Pepsi, 2010). Pepsi owns a major part of the overall markets and the company has been able to build a strong brand image globally. Coca Cola is one of the leading companies throughout the world. Coca Cola has left a major mark on the industry and is recognized for to be the largest and most famous soft drinks company across the world. The company was introduced in 1886 when the company produced a drink with the ‘Coca Cola’ syrup and carbonated water in Atlanta. However over the years the company has grown to become the world’s largest and most well known companies across the world. Coca Cola has also been able to create goodwill and a trademark for itself. which has become invaluable and the goodwill that the company has been able to create for itself is very high. Coca Cola has been able to use its brand image and to develop and recover from the complete physical property loss that the company had been faced with. The company however with the name that it had created had been able to develop and gain back its position in the market (Coca Cola, 2010). Both the companies being giants in the industry will be compared and contrasted on three main areas, a) Strengths and weaknesses, b) financial perspectives and c) a comparison of the two companies as competitors. Pepsi Co. has seen a high

Gender, Culture and the Media Essay Example for Free

Gender, Culture and the Media Essay Media, in the context required, is a term used to define an interactive transmission that is visualized and then especially designed to reach a large audience, for e. g. a whole nation. These audiences, however, are very different from one another, depending on their culture and gender identities. The variance in culture and sexual identities, have an obvious impact on media which is why there is a dire need for exploring the relationship between the two. The most important tool in exploring and understanding the relationship between media and culture is communication. This is because communication plays a very effective role in the manner through which interaction is carried out with the masses (Gaunlett, 2002). For this purpose, extreme emphasis is given to the cultural differences that may occur. Such is the case of international campaigns or chains of restaurants; whenever they want to promote any product, they have to consider the differences, and keeping these differences in mind, they alter their product accordingly for e. g. , McDonalds in India, do not usually serve their people beef burgers as cow is sacred to them. Likewise, Indian people can relate more to it than others who are just viewing this product on an Indian channel. On this note, I would like to add that it is also a TV channel’s responsibility to be aware of the ethics with regard to culture. Although, media is known to show us situation and relationships from other people’s point-of-view, the impact is originated from a certain culture or social class, for that matter. However, it has been changing from time to time with the global development. So, we can say that the relationship between media and gender today, is different from how it was years ago. The reason is because people’s thought have changed in the passing years, the role models have changed and the attitudes of people have changed, which without doubt influences media. It is for these contemporary audiences that the media has to alter whatever it promotes, in the manner that is much acceptable to them. The rest is mere perception on the audience’s part. Talking about the perception of various people and how they interact with things like talk shows, MTV, the Internet, soap operas, television sitcoms, dramatic series etc. , it is very likely to notice that the people interact with the media on the basis of their culture and gender identities (Dines, 2008). An example is that of Lorillard’s Newport cigarettes, introduced in 1957, which after its struggle period in the early stages of introduction, became very popular with the African American crowd. Another comment on the same example is that Newport cigarettes contain menthol, which is supposed to be associated with women mostly. Relating this with media, the advertisements for this brand also focused on African American people in the beginning, as they had identified them as their target market. With the change in society and changing views of people, Newport gained its market recognition and broadened their target market and today it owns a most coveted place in the tobacco industry. In the society that we live in today, people dedicate a lot of time to television, magazines, surfing the net, and other publications. As a result, it is very inevitable to say that they come across culture and advertising almost everyday. Among these people, a large segment belongs to the younger generation, who are particularly sensitive and relatively effected much easily by the same. Childhood culture is an inter-textual universe which connects TV programs to movies, videogames, toys, T-shirts, shoes, games, crayons, coloring books, bed linens and towels, pencil cases, lunch boxes etc. This is where the impact part comes into play, which media has on children and that which the children have on the media (Geertz, 1977). One of the greatest impacts of the above stated example on media is that when a television program (for kids) is produced, a lot of things have to be taken into consideration. Not too much violence, abusive language or false imagery should be used. As far as sexual identity is concerned, men and women have different views, likes and dislikes, regarding different things. Women are more likely to read magazines like Gourmet, Culinary Trends, Bon Appetite, Food and Wine etc. Lately, men have also developed a similar trend in reading magazines but there choices are those like Extreme Sports, Chicago Sports, and Sports Illustration etc. Another aspect is that of men leading the global scene. When it comes to voiceovers, men dominate, regardless of the product. Men continue to work in their late ages on screen whereas women tend to disappear in their late thirties. Facial lines and grey hair are considered to be signs of maturity in males, while the same would pronounce females ‘old’ and not fit for TV (Buikema, 2009). On the other hand, it is also reported to have said that with the developing sense of equality with regard to sexes, the Times magazine cover wondered if feminism was dead in June 1998. To sum up, the media shows us situations and relationships from other people’s point-of-view and we begin to think that we can now see ‘how the world works’, in lives other than our own. Soap-operas showing how neighbors, friends and lovers interact with each other are not behaviors that the media has created by itself. It is the likes of people that have affected media to follow the same. That too, varies from culture to culture. Some counties believe in open cultures while others observe closed culture where too much intimacy and involvement is not look upon as appropriate. People claim that the reference points for them are film and TV but actually it’s the way round- people, their cultures and genders influence upon the way they interact with the media. References: Buikema, R. , Tuin I. , (2008), â€Å"Doing Gender in Media, Art and Culture†. Routledge Dines G. , McMahon J. , (2008), â€Å"Gender, Race, and Class in Media: A Text-reader†. Sage Publications Gauntlett D. , (2002), â€Å"Media, Gender, and Identity: An Introduction†. Routledge Geertz, C. (1977). The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books

The Analysis Of Pz Cussons Website Marketing Essay

The Analysis Of Pz Cussons Website Marketing Essay E-commerce has the capacity to improve existing businesses and also expand operational efficiency. However, in the wake of fierce competition, businesses are forced to be at their best as competitors are just a click away. (Xia Yang et al 2003) The limitless potentials of the internet in todays world have revolutionized the way business is done all over the globe thus making the world a global village. The thrust of this paper critically overviews the web site of PZ Cussons as a communication medium; in line with e-business management theory, the paper discusses issues bordering on advertising and branding. PZ was founded in 1879 by George Paterson and George Zochonis in which they set up a trading post in Sierra Leone. By 1899, they opened their first branch office in Nigeria (http://www.pzcussons.com/pzc/about/ourhistory/). The company has recorded remarkable achievements since then. The company majors on manufacturing leading brands of household items from soaps to milk. With the emergence of the World Wide Web, PZ Cussons is poised to take its business to the next level by taking advantage of technology. Needless to say that with the advent of e-business PZ Cussons should do even better. In todays world, it would be difficult to extricate a companys success from its website as this can either attract customers or repel them depending on customer relationship techniques employed by the web designer. The consistent growth in technological advancement and inventive initiatives has made tremendous impact and also made e-advertising interactive, exciting, and affordable to businesses. This paper analyses the website of PZ Cussons in relation to its competitors and highlights how PZ Cussons can benefit from vast potentials of the internet in advertising and promotion as well as building a better brand. Advertising Research has shown that much of what is expected from a website is largely dependent on the consumer. Lu and Yeung 1998 suggests that human to computer interface design factors are applicable to commercial web applications. However, the nature of the business and the way the business is done has to be taken into consideration when developing a web site. Putting together and responding to consumer feedbacks are an important part of communication activities when attempting to convert a first time buyer to a potential customer, as such fostering an online relationship. (Berthon et al 1996) In a bid to explore empirical studies and dimensions created basically for research on advertising, past works have attempted to forecast consumers behaviour towards internet advertising. It has been observed that culture or beliefs play a more pivotal role in consumers purchase intention rather than other factors like creativity, market size or internet usage. (Yang 2003). With the advent of e-commerce, PZ Cussons have taken up the initiative to advertise its company on the web, however, a lot of issues regarding the website would be discussed in the course of this paper. The process of ensuring that a site visitor becomes a customer and is retained is actually a proactive approach that can be stimulated by interactive features on the site (Geissler 2001). For most businesses, the home page in itself is an advertisement (Singh and Dalal 1999). The appearance of a home page can either engage a customer to go further or make the customer go elsewhere. It is imperative for the company or web designer to make the site as interactive as possible to enable businesses gain higher customer retention. Even as advert placement on web sites has become a normal occurrence in e-business world, it is noteworthy to comprehend internet advertising and understand consumer reactions or behaviours to advert placement on the internet. It is a well known fact that those who are optimistic about advertising are likely to be convinced by advertising (Mehta 2000). If a web site is very effective, it would always encourage first time visitors to the site to make a future purc hase of goods or services offered for sale. Since its origin in early 1990s, the structure of internet advertising has progressed from banner ads, spam emails, interstitials, superstitials, site sponsorships, and involuntary browser relocations (Yang 2003). Adverts online have consistently come under criticism (Bulik 2000b) and have been often considered as unnecessary and imprecise (Hwang and Kranhold, 2000). It has been argued that there is no inter-relation between advertising and corresponding results such as sales or profits (OConnell, 2001). Some Benefits of Online Advertising The power of the internet cannot be overemphasised as its reach is global at a fast pace. Online advertising has identified new means of passing personalized messages to be conveyed to specific customers. Most people these days would rather spend more time online than read a conventional newspaper. As such, businesses are more likely to create a greater awareness from online advertisement. It has the capacity to properly segment customer base as well as measure the impact or effectiveness of an advert. Online advert gives the customer the opportunity of choice based on their knowledge of a companys product or services. Website Effectiveness Although a lot of work has been done in the overall area of e-business (Hoffman Novak, 2000; Kauffman Walden, 2001) however, to further drive down the issues with PZ Cussons web site, we would take a look at Nathan Heinz and Quing Hus web site measurement effectiveness technique to help analyse their internet advertising application. They classified web site measurement effectiveness technique into three categories which are; the interactivity metrics, the information metrics and the service metrics. (Heinz and Hu 2006) Interactivity involves a platform in which customer feedback is encouraged for optimum performance. It also includes the availability of search engines on the web site as well as live chat or blogs in order to get the customers candid opinion on products or services. It also maintains a data base for registered customers. Zhu and Kraemer (2002). Information involves true and precise information on the web site at a particular time. This refers to continuously updating clients with reliable information on goods or services offered for sale. For example the cost of product or services and updating photos of new stock etc. It also encompasses the concept of simplicity of information passed across and gives detailed analysis of product uniqueness and relevance. This, if communicated effectively would go a long way in retaining first time customers. Kim et al (2002); Barnes and Vidgen (2003). Service involves maintaining good customer care operations as well as responding to customer query or issues. It also involves timely processing of online orders and security of online transactions on a web site. It also involves intermediating with social networking sites like face book to maintain an online community for excellent customer service. Barnes and Vidgen (2003); Rust and Lemon (2001). Analysis Based on Theory When we closely observe the PZ Cussons web site based on these three classes of efficiency measurement, we can see that interactivity level is very low. Site navigation and interactivity are significant factors of system quality for web buyer satisfaction (McKinney et al 2002). There is the absence of chat rooms to encourage customer interactions of feedback on brands. Though there is a search engine in place it is however limited to the site instead of expanding search capability to other search engines such as goggle. On the information metrics, it has been observed that PZ Cussons does not update its web site quite often to notify customers of changes made to products or upcoming events. Liu and Arnett (2000) highlight information provision as a major factor in the success of e-business web sites. PZ Cussons produces a wide variety of brands and with competitors such as Proctor and Gamble and Nestle, a lot needs to be done in terms of quality of information and timeliness of delivery. The service metrics on PZ Cussons web site shows very customer biased attributes as the is the absence of an online register, no avenue for customer registration online so no opportunity for feedback on customer queries on brands, there is also no opportunity for placing online orders so the issue of timeliness of orders does not even arise. Quite clearly, PZ Cussons has been able to develop their brand name over the years but are yet to tap into the vast potentials of the web for a greater market share. Branding A brand has been viewed as a promise made by a company to its customers and not a name or statement (Sterne 1999). Given the emergence of the World Wide Web and the revolution in the way business is being done across the globe, it would be expected that the perception of brands would come under a new dimension (Rowley 2004). Also, Ward and Lee (2000) suggest that an effective online presence is pivotal to a brands online success. A brands website has the capacity to create an impression on the consumer (Muller and Chandon 2003). From the graphics and pictures to texts on a web page can either attract or put off potential buyers. Chiang, I-Ping (2008) also suggests that brand awareness can be used together with specific consumer requirements and consumer behaviours to better position online brands. Most small and large businesses across the globe today can boast of an online presence. However, creating an online presence is hardly enough as Porter (2001) suggest that creating an online presence at a point in time was a competitive advantage but today a web site requires more competitive and distinctive features in order to achieve competitive advantage. The elements of a web site can be classified in different contexts depending on the products or services being marketed on the web site. For instance a car manufacturers website cannot be designed in the same pattern as a fast food website. World brands seek to identify with values that are common to many communities such as safety, style and status and service, which can be classified in different ways in diverse national contexts (Rowley 2004). However, for the purpose of the analysis of PZ Cussons website we would analyse the following elements: Logo, Graphics, Colour, Texts, Currency and news (Rowley 2004). Logo A logo presents a graphic language and discipline for the clear, consistent reflection of a companys visual identity (Henrion and Parkin 1967). Although the PZ Cussons brand name has built a reputation for itself in Africa, Asia and Europe over the years, it has done very little to project its logo. Its red, blue and white logo remains in it simplest form. Some of its leading brands like Venus have become more popular than PZ Cussons as a result of its inconspicuous logo. The logo represents a companys corporate visual identity through official corporate symbol (Balmer 1995). It is believed that a company corporate identity transcends mere symbols and signs but relates more to issues like corporate culture. Graphics This refers to visual logos, pictures and other images that may depict a brands values on a website (Rowley 2004). There are not too many graphics on the PZ Cussons web site, the pictures are not holistic and does not reflect the charisma of the company. Also, the Web Content Accessibility Guideline reveals that the PZ Cussons website is using (WCAG WAI) 1.0 (1999) which is an outdated version. Colour The PZ Cussons website makes use of a white background with red and blue colours. This is a very common colour combination as millions of websites use this same colour combination. This does not give any uniqueness to the company web page. Text Text addresses the tone of voice, and determines whether a message is intellectual, understandable and necessary (Rowley 2004). Text typifies the brands individuality; it is the brands vocal cords. The words that are written carry the brands message and the font determines the approach of communication. The PZ Cussons website uses the Calibri body font, and a text size 11. This is considered to be quite small and depicts timidity. The words on the home page are too much and should have been more of pictures and less words. News This refers to allowing visitors to the site access to current news and information relating to products and happenings in the industry. The PZ Cussons web site however, is not being constantly updated. On the PZ Cussons front page, there is a column for latest news, but the news in question are actually stale. A lot needs to be done in that regard. Recommendation PZ Cussons has come a long way since its inception without doubt, with its acquisition of major companies and continued expansion but yet to tap into the vast prospect ability of the World Wide Web. A web advert can be for both infotainment and promotional activities (Diaz et al. 1996); however, PZ Cussons seem to only have tapped from using the web as an informative medium thus relegating the latter. PZ Cussons in a bid to further expand the global reach of its company can take advantage of the web and promote its leading household brand to continents like America and Australia, this must however be done with some of the following recommendations. PZ Cussons must realise that its website is its corporate identity to the world and a representation of its corporate image as such should take advantage of that medium to make it web site more interactive with site visitors. It can incorporate the use of live chats and blogs to gather customer feedback on its brands. It can also adopt the concept of an online register to enable it maintain a database of customers online. PZ Cussons must come to terms with the realities of digitization and begin to open up marketing and sale of its brands online. With the emergence of e-market places, grocery shopping can be done by the click of the mouse. There must also be consistent updates on product offers, special sales and product information and ensure maximum customer satisfaction. With the advent of social networking sites like face book and twitter, PZ Cussons must build an online community for its customers who can share brand experiences with friends and further expand their network. It is often difficult to distinguish between online and offline branding. However, online branding comes with a lot pros and cons as such it will be reminiscent to highlight the plausibility of online branding and its effect on businesses with an online presence. PZ Cussons operates as a promoter for leading other brands which are distributed through an organised distributive channel. The online presence merely transmits brand messages and houses information. PZ Cussons would need to take advantage of their online presence build a dynamic approach to marketing its brands online. Conclusion PZ Cussons has to come to terms with the cutting edge of technology. It must parallel its real world brand dominance with that of its online branding experience and as well deliver its promise to customers. PZ Cussons must use their online presence to create awareness for its brands and encourage customer rapport. There is a huge difference between businesses that do not use online channel in marketing their goods and service and those that use the online channel. PZ Cussons must take advantage of both online and offline channels to expand their reach. Given the publicity the internet generates, PZ Cussons can benefit from cost savings spent on television and print media adverts by channelling funds to a single and cheaper advertising channel.

Panama Canal :: American America History

Panama Canal How did we, humans, accomplish these great tasks? Such deeds are the Great Wall of China and the pyramids of Egypt. But one of these magnificent accomplishments is more significant than others: the Panama Canal. Encouraged by the French, the US built a vital link for the entire world. Despite previous failures by preceding organizations, the US was able to survive. This structure remains today as one of the greatest engineering marvels of the modern world. The Canal goes as far back as the 16th century after Europeans realizing the riches of South America and Asia. Charles I of Spain ordered the first survey of a proposed canal route through the Isthmus of Panama. The survey was finished in 1529 but wars in Europe simply put the project on hold. Then, Emperor Napoleon III of France toyed with the idea of a canal in French land across the sea but never thought much more of it. Various maps were drawn between 1850 and 1875 and proved that only 2 routes were possible: one across Panama and the other across Nicaragua. In 1876, an international company was mustered but failed. Three years later, Ferdinand Marie de Lesseps, the builder of the Suez Canal across Egypt, organized a French company. Lesseps' succession at Suez gave him confidence that a canal at Panama would be no different. A lease on building the canal was sold to France by Colombia from 1878 to 1903. In the beginning, Lesseps had hoped to muster 400 billion francs but received 30 million francs, only 8% of what he had wished for. Work for the French company started in 1882. From that point on, the company and the canal were plagued by troubles, from money to diseases. France gave up on the canal project and began a search for a buyer. Eventually, France found a friend in the US. America sent Lieutenant Menocal to survey Nicaragua for a canal site. But, the government lost funding, the first and last of America's mistakes on the canal project. President McKinley would have probably secured funds for a Nicaraguan canal, had not a bullet taken his life. Theodore Roosevelt decided to begin anew and a friendship with the Republic of Panama. Philippe Bunau-Varilla, an American ambassador, wrote the Hay-Bunau-Varilla treaty, which was ratified by the new Panamanian Government in 1903 and by the American Senate in early 1904.

Language in Wilfred Owens The Sentry :: essays research papers

Wilfred Owen’s ‘The Sentry’ To me Wilfred Owen’s poetry is visually descriptive, so much so that he seems to be able to effortlessly transport you into whatever situation he is describing. This particular poem leaves you in no doubt as to the horrors of war and the terrible atrocities these poor men endured. In the opening line he says ‘and he knew’ using the technique of personalisation he has turned the massive opposing force into a single person, someone who was actively trying to single them out, to attack them personally. This shows you just how desperate they felt and how to them no matter where they seemed to find shelter ‘he’ was never far behind. He goes on to say ‘and gave us hell for shell on frantic shell hammered on top, but never quite got through’. By using the word ‘hell’ he is actively describing the terrible endlessness of their situation or the perseverance of the enemy and the fact that they cannot escape. enduring the onslaught, hour on hour, day by day. ‘Frantic shell’ the word frantic to me describes the non-target based shelling, as the enemy knew they that their enemy was somewhere in front of them, so just seemed to shell anywhere within that vicinity in the sure hope that they would be causing death eventually. The use of the rhyming words ‘hell’ and ‘shell’ automatically connects the two words in the reader’s brain, forming a connection and reinforcing the idea of the battle being ‘hell’. ‘Hammered’is also a very thought provoking verb used in this line, this word used in this particular sentence is brilliant, it not only describes the noise, as you cannot hammer quietly, but describes the repetition, when hammering something you repeatedly strike it. Hammered is a violent verb and its two syllables makes the word sound short and harsh. In the following line, ‘rain, guttering down’ this makes me think the guttering I have on my house, a purpose made moulded channel used to transport water. He deliberately used this word to convey just how much rain had fallen that it had naturally moulded gutters out of the mud, channelling the slime and slurry into waterfalls. There is also assonance in this sentence emphasising the guttering (which I have already analysed above). Wilfred Owen is cleverly able to relate to you a description of a bomb without ever actually calling it a bomb.

Climate Change: The Sciences, the Media, and Politics Essay -- Global W

The roles of science, the media, and politics greatly influence public opinion and understanding of the world around us. These three spheres of information and action are invariably linked when discussing complex global issues like climate change. However, the presentation and resolution of disagreement within the three spheres is incredibly independent. The many ways that climate change, specifically the debate on the existence of climate change, is portrayed within these spheres can greatly affect public emotion, knowledge, and policy of such an issue. This is particularly evident in the United States (US) (Boykoff & Boykoff, 2007). This paper attempts to briefly outline the portrayal and settlement of the debate on the existence of climate change within the three spheres of the sciences, the media, and politics. In the field of science, a well defined procedure exists to create scientific debate and controversy. The procedure begins with the scientific method, a generalized series of steps used to collect data and accept or reject hypotheses. It is important to note that the scientific method exists not only to prove ideas, but also to disprove them and to continually build upon understandings. From data collection and interpretation of the results, a synthesis of the experiment and discoveries made are submitted for peer-review. The peer-review process is formal review from other professionals in the scientific community, and is used to attribute credibility and academic quality to an article prior to publishing (UVictoria). Legitimate arguments in the sciences are based on data and, â€Å"sustained debate within the broader scientific community† (Egger & Carpi, 2010). Thecontinued interest and skepticism in the scientific commun... ...Works "Science" HowStuffWorks, Inc. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . Seymour, Julia A. "U.S., European Media Worlds Apart on Climate Change." Reuters.com Article Worries 'U.S., European Media' 'Worlds Apart' on Climate Change. Media Research Center - Business & Media Institute, 07 July 2011. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. . "What Does Peer-review Mean?" UVic Library. University of Victoria, 18 Mar. 2011. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . "The Discovery of Global Warming." Introduction - Summary. American Institute of Physics, May 2010. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. . Climate Change: The Sciences, the Media, and Politics Essay -- Global W The roles of science, the media, and politics greatly influence public opinion and understanding of the world around us. These three spheres of information and action are invariably linked when discussing complex global issues like climate change. However, the presentation and resolution of disagreement within the three spheres is incredibly independent. The many ways that climate change, specifically the debate on the existence of climate change, is portrayed within these spheres can greatly affect public emotion, knowledge, and policy of such an issue. This is particularly evident in the United States (US) (Boykoff & Boykoff, 2007). This paper attempts to briefly outline the portrayal and settlement of the debate on the existence of climate change within the three spheres of the sciences, the media, and politics. In the field of science, a well defined procedure exists to create scientific debate and controversy. The procedure begins with the scientific method, a generalized series of steps used to collect data and accept or reject hypotheses. It is important to note that the scientific method exists not only to prove ideas, but also to disprove them and to continually build upon understandings. From data collection and interpretation of the results, a synthesis of the experiment and discoveries made are submitted for peer-review. The peer-review process is formal review from other professionals in the scientific community, and is used to attribute credibility and academic quality to an article prior to publishing (UVictoria). Legitimate arguments in the sciences are based on data and, â€Å"sustained debate within the broader scientific community† (Egger & Carpi, 2010). Thecontinued interest and skepticism in the scientific commun... ...Works "Science" HowStuffWorks, Inc. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . Seymour, Julia A. "U.S., European Media Worlds Apart on Climate Change." Reuters.com Article Worries 'U.S., European Media' 'Worlds Apart' on Climate Change. Media Research Center - Business & Media Institute, 07 July 2011. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. . "What Does Peer-review Mean?" UVic Library. University of Victoria, 18 Mar. 2011. Web. 07 Nov. 2011. . "The Discovery of Global Warming." Introduction - Summary. American Institute of Physics, May 2010. Web. 09 Nov. 2011. .

Thorn Queen Chapter Twenty-One

I woke up the next morning, lying on top of my covers, with sunlight streaming in through the eastern windows. It was barely sunrise, but already the air was warming up. It was, as the saying went, going to be a hot one. If I truly was connected with the land, I wondered what a heat wave said about my mood. Was it indicative of my preparedness for battle? I squinted up at the play of sunlight on the stone ceiling, unsure of that question, just like so many lately. With a sigh, knowing I needed to get up, I rolled over and came face-to-face with Kiyo. I yelped in surprise. His dark chocolate eyes were open, wide awake. I think he'd been watching me while I slept. He smiled that sexy, smoky smile of his, eyes crinkling slightly. He was bare-chested, clad only in navy blue boxers. â€Å"When did you get here?† I asked. â€Å"I didn't notice a thing.† â€Å"I know,† he said. â€Å"You were sleeping pretty heavy. Didn't even budge when I slid into bed.† He rested a hand on my hip and slid it along my bare leg. I'd fallen asleep in a T-shirt. Seeing his eyes and feeling his hand on my skin warmed something in me. Surely all would be right in the world-worlds, even-so long as I had Kiyo. There was just something so overwhelmingly strong and secure about him, a steadiness in the midst of that dangerous sex appeal. I reached out and touched the side of his face, a bit surprised at just how happy I was to have him here with me. â€Å"I didn't know for sure that you'd come,† I admitted. â€Å"Eugenie, how can you think that?† He continued stroking my leg, but his other arm pulled me close. â€Å"I said I would. I won't let you go into danger alone.† â€Å"I know you don't approve of some of the things I do. Roland doesn't. We had a huge fight.† Kiyo kissed my forehead, then my nose, and then my lips. â€Å"He's worried about you. I am too. But I understand what you have to do here and why you want to help these people.† I looked at him and felt something lighten up within me, some lonely and aching part that so desperately needed someone to get me. Before, I'd felt like Dorian could. I prayed Kiyo was able to as well. â€Å"You do?† â€Å"Yes.† He kissed me again, his mouth warm and searching. The hand that had been on my leg moved up to my breast. â€Å"I know what it's like to live in two worlds. You're brave and do what you think is right, and I'm not going to let anything happen to you,† he breathed in my ear. â€Å"Neither are any of the people gathered downstairs.† He moved his mouth back to mine, but I wiggled out. â€Å"Wai-what? Who's gathered?† He gave a half shrug, hands still roving over my body. â€Å"Everyone. Rurik's got the guards there. Jasmine's up and cuffed. Even Dorian's here.† I sat up. â€Å"Kiyo! We have to get downstairs then. We can't-ah.† He'd moved one hand up my inner thigh-up, up, and up. â€Å"We've got time.† â€Å"No†¦we†¦don't,† I managed as his fingers moved in and out of me. For a moment, I thought of how Dorian had done almost exactly the same thing, but then I shoved the memory away. â€Å"They're waiting†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Five minutes, Eugenie,† Kiyo murmured. His other hand shoved up my shirt, and he leaned down to kiss one of my breasts, slowly moving on to suck the nipple, harder and harder. I flinched slightly at the feel of his teeth, and he lifted his face up. â€Å"I've missed you, Eugenie, no matter what else you think. I've missed you and I love you.† He slid his fingers out of me, and I whimpered at their loss. He smiled. â€Å"And I think†¦I think maybe you missed me too†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And with no other preamble, he rolled me over to my knees and moved up behind me. I don't know when his boxers came off, but suddenly, he was in me, hard and swollen and grunting with each thrust. I gripped the sheets with my fists, keeping my body arched for him so that he could take me even deeper. His hands clutched my hips, letting him bury himself as far as he could go. I moaned and tipped my head back, my body wanting to take more and more of him into me. Leaning his body over mine, he reached forward and managed to cup my breasts without breaking his rhythm. His fingers caressed them, thumbs rubbing against the erect nipples. The sensations in my body were dizzying, every piece of me feeling like it was on fire. At last he shifted back to his kneeling position and returned his hands to my hips, giving him the best position to fully take me. His strokes grew even harder and faster, shoving himself into me with such force that I could hear our bodies hitting each other. With a great groan, his nails dug into my hips and his whole body jerked as he came. Hands still tight on my hips, he held himself there for several moments, taking his full release. Finally, he pulled away and collapsed onto the bed. Flipping over, I sprawled beside him. â€Å"Okay,† I gasped. â€Å"Now I think I'm ready to fight some demons.† I don't think anyone really noticed that Kiyo and I had just had sex when we came downstairs. Mercifully, it didn't even rain. If anyone suspected anything, it was Dorian, with that uncanny way he had of reading people. The guards were drawn up in formation outside, but Dorian was in the parlor sipping tea with Shaya while Ysabel all but sprawled on his lap. Girard was there as well, testing the weight of Dorian's old sword while Dorian himself studied the drawing of the new sword. â€Å"Eugenie,† said Dorian, arching an eyebrow. â€Å"Don't you look radiant this morning. Why, you're positively glowing.† Ysabel scowled at his praise. â€Å"It's the leather,† I said, tugging self-consciously at my shirt. I'd argued against needing armor, but Shaya had nonetheless obtained a sleeveless top for me made of lightweight leather, good for deflecting blades. It wasn't porn-star leather or anything, but it wasn't something I was used to. â€Å"And this,† Dorian continued, pointing to the drawing, â€Å"is exquisite. Thank you.† â€Å"What is it?† asked Kiyo. â€Å"A sword from legends. One to slay evildoers everywhere. Eugenie's having it made for me.† Kiyo gave me a wordless look that was nonetheless full of questions. â€Å"It's a thank-you gift. Dorian's done me a lot of favors lately,† I explained. â€Å"I assure you,† said Dorian straight-faced. â€Å"I take as much joy in the giving as you do in the receiving.† â€Å"Okay,† I said hastily. â€Å"Are we good to go? I saw the guards out there. I'd like this done sooner rather than later.† The biggest impediment turned out to be Ysabel, who threw her arms around Dorian and begged him to be careful. He patted her hastily on the shoulder, assuring her he'd be fine. His eyes were impatient, though, and he didn't look back when he strode out with the rest of us. Poor Ysabel. I was almost starting to feel bad for her, despite her hopes that I wouldn't come back. She really was nothing more than a bed warmer to Dorian, and while most of his women knew that, she just couldn't accept it. Jasmine was ready as well, still bound and looking angry. Volusian was with us, and he had standing orders to subdue her if she tried anything-which I felt pretty sure she would. Unfortunately, I also needed Volusian to fight demons, which meant he couldn't watch her all the time. None of us could, and I was going to have to do some tricky maneuvering to keep the gun on her while still attempting banishing. Kiyo frowned disapprovingly when he saw her, more so when she had to be helped on to her horse. â€Å"This is wrong, Eugenie,† he said softly, once we were all riding. He was going in human form today. â€Å"Which part? Bringing her or keeping her prisoner?† â€Å"I don't like any of it.† â€Å"What happened to you saying you understood the choices I have to make?† I hissed. â€Å"Was that just to score sex?† Dorian had ridden up on my other side. I had no doubt he'd heard the sex comment, but he didn't acknowledge it. â€Å"How would you suggest she handle it then? Let the girl go?† â€Å"No,† Kiyo said, giving Dorian a dark glance. â€Å"But there are more humane ways of dealing with her.† â€Å"I gave Jasmine her own room and got her better cuffs! What else can I do?† I asked. â€Å"I don't know,† admitted Kiyo. â€Å"Then don't criticize if you can't offer a solution,† said Dorian. â€Å"It's easy to want peace and love in hypothetical situations-then reality sets in, and sometimes we have to do what's ugly.† â€Å"I don't recall asking for your input here,† snapped Kiyo. â€Å"As it is, Eugenie, you've got a hard choice ahead.† Dorian was speaking like Kiyo wasn't even there. â€Å"What are you going to do when you've finally taken care of this rabble? What will you do with the prisoners?† I shrugged. â€Å"Send them off to work details.† â€Å"Even their leader, Cowan? The one who summons these demons? Surely you don't want him out and about, even if it is digging ditches.† â€Å"Don't listen to him,† said Kiyo. â€Å"He's baiting you. There are prisons, even in the Otherworld. You can send him there if he survives.† â€Å"A charming act of mercy, no doubt,† mused Dorian. â€Å"One that will terrify future enemies.† â€Å"I'm not going to kill everyone who gets in my way,† I exclaimed. â€Å"I'm not my father, no matter how much you want me to be.† â€Å"I wouldn't quite say that's what I want,† chuckled Dorian. â€Å"But as a leader, you need to make examples sometimes.† â€Å"Mercy's not a horrible thing,† I argued. â€Å"Storm King never showed any,† said Kiyo. â€Å"Indeed,† agreed Dorian. â€Å"And I just want to make sure his daughter doesn't show too much. You aren't the only one who protects her, master kitsune. We all just do it in different ways.† â€Å"Enough,† I ordered. Rurik was drawing the group to a halt up front, meaning it was time to go on foot. I was grateful, seeing as I was getting sick of listening to Kiyo and Dorian's pissing contest. Just like before, we went on foot, the whole experience giving me a strange sense of deja vu, even though the bandits had changed location. I also had odd recollections of the time I'd defeated Aeson. Dorian and Kiyo had been with me then, about as thrilled to be with each other as they were now. Shaya had been there too, but Rurik had nearly had a fit when she offered today, and I couldn't help but recall Girard's words. I certainly hadn't had an army at my back when we'd gone after Aeson. Rurik sent men with a knack for moving stealthily to scope out the camp and dispatch any enemy scouts. The waiting made me restless, and a tense silence settled over everyone. I glanced at Jasmine, still bound. I wouldn't uncuff her until the last possible moment and still didn't trust her. â€Å"You know what you have to do?† I asked her. She'd been staring off thoughtfully at the guards ahead, taking in the sloped land and scattered pines. Probably planning her escape, I thought ruefully. Like before, these brigands had chosen the best cover they could find in this barren land. She turned to me, immediately putting on her standard scowl. â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"And you know what'll happen if you try anything?† â€Å"Yes.† Pure malice looked at me from her eyes. â€Å"Good,† I said, shifting my hold on the gun. Her eyes flicked briefly to it, and if it scared her, she made a good show of still looking defiant. â€Å"I hope you hold true to your word,† murmured Dorian, walking up to me. â€Å"Stop poisoning her,† growled Kiyo. â€Å"And both of you let me make my own decisions,† I said. The scouts returned shortly thereafter, giving us the all-clear. We headed toward the encampment, circling it and descending in full force. Thankfully, no one announced our presence, and we had a brief element of surprise before the bandits mobilized. I unfastened Jasmine's cuffs, hoping I wasn't making a mistake. My right hand firmly held the gun against her back-holding it to her head had seemed a little too cruel-while the left held my wand poised and ready. Kiyo and the other fighters were going in for the hand-to-hand combat while the other magic users and I stayed back and waited-not that I intended to use magic today. I was strictly in shamanic banishing mode. And there they were. A deep swell of magic permeated the air, and fiery forms materialized on the far side of the camp. I saw Rurik's gaze travel to the spot they'd come from, his attention not on the demons but on what was potentially the demons' summoner. Circling around, he headed toward that area. The demons were my job. I nudged Jasmine with the gun. â€Å"Do your thing. Volusian-attack.† I held my breath, wondering what Jasmine would do. A moment later, I felt magic well up in her, a magic similar to my own but with a slightly different feel. Some part of my brain tried to grasp it, hoping I could learn it for later. The rest of me watched as there was a ripple in the air-an opening to the Underworld. Two forms stepped out from the slash in our world. Much like the water elemental from the other night, these two demons were composed of water, sloshing with each step yet maintaining a solid form. They were bigger than the elemental, though, adorned with horns and glowing yellow eyes. â€Å"Only two?† I exclaimed. â€Å"There are five of the others!† Jasmine didn't respond but held up her hand like a conductor drawing a powerful note from her musicians. For a heartbeat, I wondered if the water demons would come charging toward us. They didn't. Their attention turned to the fire demons, their ancient enemy from the Underworld. Nearby, Dorian was wielding magic of his own, ripping up the earth from underneath the fire demons so that they stumbled and sank into great holes, making them easy prey. â€Å"Demons aren't that easy to summon,† he said in her defense, eyes on his handiwork. â€Å"In fact, this will be it for the fire demons. There's no way that man can summon any more. I'd be surprised if he's still conscious.† Well, that was something. Jasmine's servants had two of the fire demons in a deadlock, which meant none of them were going after my people. Volusian was making good work on one of the demons as well, though the other two were rampaging forward. It was time for me to step up. I drew up the human power I'd used my entire life, the power that was based on will and not emotion like gentry magic. My wand focused it, and I sent it out toward one of the loose fire demons, encircling him and summoning up the strength of Persephone to open up a way to the Underworld and suck him back. He sensed the banishment happening, and I felt his power surge as he tried to fight it. I steeled up my own strength, and what seemed like a land mine suddenly went off near him, showering him in dirt and rock as he stumbled. Thank you, Dorian. The Underworld opened up, and the demon dissolved back to his domain, unable to fight my strength. And like the last time I'd fought these guys, the power required for that banishing took a lot out of me. Surveying the rest of the battle, I saw with pleasant surprise that one of Jasmine's water demons had defeated a fire demon. That water demon had then joined his partner, and it appeared as though they would make quick work of their target. Kiyo and the other soldiers were doing a good job of killing or subduing the rest of the bandits. I turned back to the fire demons, assessing my next strategy. One was unengaged and starting to move toward my soldiers. This banishment was going to be harsh. I drew up all my strength and repeated the process, calling out to Persephone and reciting the words to send the demon back to the Underworld. It distracted him from my soldiers, and he started lumbering toward me. Fuck. â€Å"He. Is. Coming,† said Jasmine stiffly. I couldn't see her face with my gun to her back but got the impression she was as strained as I was. â€Å"Yeah, I kind of noticed.† He was pushing back at me with his own strength of will. I clenched my teeth. No, no. I am stronger. I am Storm King's daughter. I needed another distraction to slip him up, but everyone else was busy. Dorian's attention was on the demon that Volusian battled. That demon was moderately stronger than my minion, but seeing that Volusian couldn't really die†¦well, it made it hard to destroy him. So, neither was gaining ground until Dorian used some of his magic to attack the demon with a nearby chunk of rock, letting Volusian move in for the kill. My demon was still approaching, and I needed a distraction of my own. Iron didn't dampen my powers anywhere near as much as it did Jasmine's, but it could sometimes affect me a little. I could still work my gentry powers while in contact with it, but it was easier without. In an act I was certain I'd regret, I dropped the gun and immediately called upon my storm magic. I would have given anything to blast this demon with lightning, but that was still beyond my control. Instead, I reached up toward the sky, calling on water and air. To my astonishment, I was able to bind them together. Thick, leaden clouds formed, whirling into a weak funnel cloud that descended on the demon. It was the most powerful force of weather I'd ever-consciously-summoned, and it knocked the demon over. I couldn't maintain my hold on it, and the ministorm dissipated instantly. It was enough, though, and I sent out the banishing before he could respond. It felt like my insides were being ripped out, but I manag ed it, kicking him out of this world. Gasping and woozy, I looked around, realizing there were no more demons left-well, no fire demons at least. The water demons, victorious, were still there-and they were charging toward us. Shit. I realized then what I'd potentially unleashed. I cuffed Jasmine on the shoulder, nearly knocking her over, and reached for my gun. â€Å"I warned you not to try anything,† I cried, pointing the gun at her. â€Å"Send them away!† â€Å"It's not me,† she exclaimed back. â€Å"I can't control them!† Stepping forward, I got a good look at her face. She was covered in sweat, skin pale. Dorian had said demon summoning was hard, and the full weight of what I'd done hit me. She'd summoned them but no longer had the power to control them. I had no more strength left for banishing, but I could feel Jasmine still trying to work her magic, weak as it now was. It was impossible to sense every part of what someone else was doing with their magic, but I got a strong feel for hers. These creatures were bound to water. They were part of my domain. Doing my best to mimic her, I joined my strength to hers, sending commands through my magic, willing them to leave this world. They were nearly on us, and I almost laughed at the irony as my own death approached. Then, suddenly, I felt my magic sync up perfectly with Jasmine's. Control of the demons slipped into place, and they froze. Together, she and I ordered them back, and there was a tear in the fabric of space, an opening to the Underworld. It was almost like a banishing, but not quite. The demons were willingly-well, with our urging-returning, and our magic helped them with the passage. A moment later, they dissolved from our world. After that, I felt like I'd run a marathon. Every part of me ached and was wearied. Yet, as bad as I was, Jasmine was worse. â€Å"I guess blood really is thicker than water,† she whispered in a very bad attempt at a joke. She swayed on her feet, eyes rolling back in her head, and then she collapsed. I barely managed to catch her in my own weakened state, but then stronger arms took hold. Kiyo. He barely had a scratch, and relief poured through me. â€Å"Thanks.† He lifted her easily into his arms. â€Å"Are you okay?† â€Å"Fine,† I said, looking down at my sister-who hadn't betrayed me after all. â€Å"She's bad, though. Get her to a healer.† Kiyo hesitated, not wanting to leave me. Then, he gave a quick nod and loped off in that way that was half-human and half-wild animal. Looking around, I saw that the others were rounding up the remaining rabble. My losses looked light. Rurik was leading a man who seemed to be in the same shape as Jasmine. The demon summoner. Dorian was with Rurik and gave me a quick glance. I knew what was in the look. Kill the summoner or not? I gave a sharp shake of my head. Dorian grimaced and then turned back to help Rurik with his prisoner. No one seemed to notice or need me, and I sank gratefully to the ground, waiting for my strength to return. I wondered if I'd be able to call up the magic again that I had used with Jasmine. Trying to piece it together seemed like too much work now, and I contented myself with watching my people work. Then, out of my peripheral vision, I saw movement. I stood up and looked far to my side, toward a stony bluff covered in cacti. A face peered out at me and then ducked back. I knew the face. It was the scarred gentry who'd come to my house the other night. With no further thought, I started to hurry after him. Then, to my astonishment, I paused and did what Rurik would have wanted. A couple of my soldiers were lingering nearby. â€Å"Hey, come here,† I called, gesturing. They immediately followed as I set off at a brisk pace, moving as fast as I could to reach the bluff. When I turned around the side of it, I saw no sign of the gentry warrior I sought. The ground rose sharply here, beginning to turn into foothills reminiscent of the ones near my house in Tucson. The vegetation was thicker, though still a far cry from a true forest. It was mostly cacti, shrubs, and scraggly trees. Going up the small hill was a narrow path, and on impulse, I headed up it in search of my prey. The footsteps of my soldiers sounded behind me, their boots crunching in the gravel. Who was that guy? And why was he here now? Was he one of the bandits? I hadn't seen him in the fight. Was he some sort of spy, perhaps, which was why he'd come to my house and- Snick. Snick. Two arrows came out of nowhere as we reached the crest of a hill. Each one hit one of my soldiers in the chest, dropping them to the ground. I came to a screeching halt, waiting for my arrow, peering around the trees for the mystery gentry to reveal himself. But he didn't. Art did. He smiled, stepping forward. â€Å"Eugenie, nice to see you again. You've been very busy around here, I hear.† He waved vaguely toward where I'd come from, though my people were nowhere in sight. Eugenie, I thought, you are a fucking moron. Beyond Art, I saw the gentry I'd chased emerge from the cover, along with two others-all wearing leather armor like Jasmine had described. They carried bows and wore red shirts under the armor. â€Å"Roland called me last night and nearly bit my head off about getting you involved in gentry politics.† Art shook his head, amused. â€Å"I wonder what he'd say if he only knew just how involved you were-your majesty.† I was exhausted as hell and devoid of magic. But-I was still human and not without human implements. The gun was still in my hand, and I jerked it up toward him. I needed to distract him until some of my own people came. Fuck. I shouldn't have come rushing up this hill, even if I had had the sense to bring some backup. The question now was, would the rest of my people notice I was gone? Usually, I could hardly step outside the castle's door without a dozen people in tow. Art tsked me. â€Å"Would you really do it? Would you really kill one of your own kind? Or are we even your own kind?† Magic suddenly filled the air-familiar magic. Shamanic magic. It encircled me like fog, thick and heavy. Forgetting Art, I turned abruptly around, toward the sound of words being chanted-words I knew by heart. Abigail was standing there, wand in hand. And so help me, she was banishing me. I felt her will shove up against mine, just as I'd grappled with the demons. The world around me began to tear open as a vortex started to pull my essence apart. I fought it, fought it with every ounce of strength I had-but there was just none left to give. When it came to traveling the worlds, crossroads and gateways were the way to go. They made for a smooth transition. Or, one could travel like I often did, journeying to some item imbued with your essence, an item that couldn't help but draw your soul to it. And rarely, if you had the strength, you could tear open a gateway by force and shove your way into another world. That wasn't recommended. It hurt like hell. And essentially, that's what a banishing was-only it wasn't your choice. It was someone ripping you out of the world and shoving you into another. I felt the fabric of this world open up, felt the unstoppable pull of another. I couldn't fight it. I tried. I kicked, I screamed, but I was too weak. I felt like I was shattering into a million pieces, sucked into a whirlwind and then, I was gone.

Analysing Sustainability Policies Of Hewlett Packard Environmental Sciences Essay

Company debut. I have selected HP Ltd Company for my assignment subject. Hewlett-Packard ( HP ) is an first-class company. It provides printing and scanning equipments to consumers, concerns, and industry and intuitions all over the World. The company is non merely limited to the industry of pressmans, scanner and peripheral equipment but besides provides consultancies, entree devices, personal computer science and worldwide services to big, average sized and little administrations. I have selected HP Printer Company due to its Climate friendly attitude that is rather obvious from its policies and one-year meeting studies. The HP Company is good committed to cut down C footmark in its policy. It has taken several practical attacks in last few old ages to cut down its C pes print. lineation of the company HP is an international company with supply concatenation all over the universe. The direction construction consists of five board of managers. The chief sections include Nomination and Governance, Human Resource, Audit and engineering. In add-on to the direction board, the company has an executive apparatus dwelling upon senior and executive frailty presidents from concern division and caputs of corporate maps. The executive commission has different duties than the direction squad. The executive commission ensures that the ethical and environmental policies of the company are decently followed. HP uses an first-class nomenclature in planetary ethical small town. It uses the word â€Å" planetary citizenship † which is an existent duty, a company should play to protect planetary environment and beauty to quality for planetary coitizenship. 2.1 Functions of company 2.2 Distinctive characteristics The eco-cost are the amount of direct and in-direct costs of the environmental impacts caused by the merchandise in its full life rhythm. The purpose of the EMS is to happen out alternate design, theoretical account and parts which are eco-friendly. Actually, it is true analysis as impacts on environment does be us like waste direction or the wellness jeopardies to the public etc. HP is climate friendly company. It add the cost of wellness jeopardies of ink, disposal cost and usage of electricity in the existent cost of the pressman to happen out the environmental impacts. Its alone policies to command EMS inside the administration and proctor external organizational environmental activities has made it successful and typical in modern fabrication industry. It has good developed EMS for long clip that is continuously revised and reviewed. The acute involvement of HP Ltd in environmental protection through its fabrication procedure, preparations, awareness compaigh, research, aid to a ssociated houses and counsel to its employees are important characteristics of HP Ltd. 2.3 Business activities and relationship to environment We can depict the impact of pressman by spliting it into three stages ; paper use impacts, electricity use and the direction of waste merchandises. Harmonizing to historical informations, the use of paper has increased to three crease over the last three decennaries ( Mckinny 1995 ) . The paper has been used as a chief beginning of information storage since antediluvian Egyptians invented the papyrus, the Chinese do it more perfect by big scale paper industry and Gutenberg invented the printing imperativeness ( Saaty 1980 ) . The planetary heating has increased the importance of paperless nomenclature and most of organisations and public-service corporation houses are exchanging to the paperless schemes ( Newton 1993 ) . HP Ltd is globally recognised company. It has strong concern dealingss to its partnr companies and subsidieries. HP is fabricating a immense scope of merchandises and rule merchandises like pressmans use vry toxic stuff in the signifier of ink. HP has taken an enviro nmental protection attack to salvage environment by following EMS itself and guaranting that its concern links besides follow its policies. Its audit system, information and consciousness compaigh, support and advice to dependant concerns and proficient aid to associated concern provides satisfaction that HP is working towards its C print decrease scheme successfully and adequately. HP Ltd ‘s environmental policies are non ony refected from its internal organizational dealingss but besides through its relation to spouse companies through out the universe and dependent partnr companies like parts providers, packaging companies, transportors and preparation companies. HP has a right attack to supervise its internal organizational policies and observe external organition'sresonsibilities at the same clip. Environmental duties of the company Environmental impact HP company is bring forthing many merchandises hving direct or indirect impacts on environment. For simpleness, we can dis cussone merchandise ; Printers. Assorted metals are used in pressman ‘s fabrication. The metals include galvanized steel metal for construction, plated steel shafts, and Copper metal in motor and little fraction of Aluminum in other parts. These metal stuffs are reclaimable but Copper in motor may suppress steel recycling. The electronic constituent besides contributes to environmental impact and consists chiefly on printed electronic board ( PWB ) and some electronics. However, the electronic constituents merely make the 3 % weight of the pressmans in entire ( William et al 2005 ) . The electronics in pressmans consist on few PWB ; normally six and weighing approximately 250 gms. The circuit boards are made of few millimeters thick epoxy coated glass fibre cloth laminate plated with Cu but these are free of lead. The procedure of circuit board fabrication consists on FR4 laminate procedure ; a composite and popular laminate substrate industry procedure. The procedure is a wet processing method dwelling on cover, lithography, plating, and electronics engrafting to make a printed circuit board. The epoxy is normally assorted with a bromide fire retardent. Hazard to the administration HP company has environmental direction system in administration. The system has been developed many old ages ago and still come oning towards to cut down the footmark. The EMS is used to place hazards and impacts of the HP company on environment. HP company has a valid survelliance system to place environmental hazards by utilizing its EMS. The hazards may be present in assorted sections incuding operational departmemt, fabrication, packaging, selling and administration. Once cardinal hazard countries are identified and managed, further monitoring, reappraisal and alteration of EMS is carried out to guarantee successful safety to environment. HP company has besides an audit system to look into if the internal operations including environmental protection policy and process are followed or non. The audit section provides a regular observation to look into either company is successful to maintain its planetary citizenship or non. The pressmans are used domestically, commercially and in industry. The general intent of domestically used pressmans is designed to make a satisfied occupation of publishing at acceptable flawlessness degree. Normally, no duplexer is associated with domestically used pressmans and pages are turned manually by the user. Largely two types of cartridges are used ; one for the text printing and other for the colour printing. A printer battalion normally comes with a pressman itself, a black cartridge, a colour cartridge, a power overseas telegram, an external power supply, a USB or other port linking overseas telegram, CD-ROM ( with package ) and a user information brochure. The pressman varies in size and usually weighs range from 1.5 to 5 kilogram. Similarly the monetary value varies harmonizing to do and quality. Now we can take an analysis of pressman ‘s fabrication phase. Printers are made of polymers in their primary construction and in the industry of its parts ( Smits 1996 ) . Two most commonly polymers in pressmans include high impact polystyrene ( HIPS ) and acrylonitrile-butadiene cinnamene ( ABS ) . However, all plastics in pressmans are non needfully HIPS or ABS and 86 % of plastic in pressmans are reclaimable ( William et al 2002 ) . An excluding per centum is non reclaimable due to the presence of filets. However, for the simpleness of our instance survey, we assume that pressman plastics are ABS. We will be sing chief fabrication stuff in life rhythm and will non concentrate on the intermediate stuff processing, packaging and transportation. A tabular array for boxing stuff stock list has been reprocessed from information beginnings ( Jason et al 2005 ) . Legal Duty HP is successfully conformity with environmental related Torahs. These includes European brotherhood limitation of Hazardous Substances ( ROHS ) , WEE Direcive and many more. The ROHS enforce that any electronic merchandise fabrication company must do it certain that the merchandise or constituent may non incorporate lead, quicksilver, Cd, bexavalent, Cr, PBB and PBDE flameretardants more than and over the limitation imposed by jurisprudence. All HP merchandises are conformity with Eu ROHS alteration ( ROHS 2 ) , Turkey ROH, China ROH and all other Ro hiking limitations. HP was one of the few companies who foremost of all achieved complience with EU ROHS in stuff choice non merely in its subdivisions in Europe but in all over the universe. EU ROHS was implemented in 2006. The policy of conformity with material limitation harmonizing to EU ROHS is obvious from one-year study of HP. The one-year study provides a comprehensive treatment and decision on acceptance of material limitation in Al its planetary unit to follow environmental jurisprudence. The HP is besides conformity with WEEE directive. The directing enforce duty on manufacturer of a merchandise to to take back and recycle their ain merchandises. The purpose of directive is to cut down landfill, C print and encourage makers to bring forth less waste.. Critical Review of Company EMS system Policy Every administration concerned with environmental protection has fixed some duties in its charters towards the benefit of environment through its operations.HP is committed to supply environmental protection and therefore it has duties witin administration, with provider and towards general populace every bit good to guarantee that they understand environmental protection. HP has non merely audit system within its ain administration but besides an internal audit system to peep into suppier fabrication system against environmental duties. HP is non a individual unit but it is globally dispersed and has subsideries through out the universe. Head office of HP Ltd is responsible to maintain an appropriate EMS at all of its subordinates. Each concern unit has an environmental guidance commission on environment, heath and safety and a manager of environmental plans. HP has an effectual supply concatenation direction system that is responsible to describe environmental issues in its one-yea r planetary citizenship study. Planing Planning is the first measure in any direction activity. Similarly, HP has an accurateplanning policy for its EMS. Protection of planetary citizenship by carry throughing environmental protection responcibility is ultimate aim in planning policy. The planning policy is non merely HP ‘s planning for EMS. The planning policy besides provide a tool for subordinates and deperndent concerns to develop and pull off their EMS. A council specialised in environmental issues and established to cover with EMS is known as Environmental Strategic Council in HP organizational construction. For illustration, few old ages ago, the strategic council took determination on exclusion of some chemicals from fabricating procedure. The chemicals were unsafe for wellness and safety and may foul environment due to long permanent effects. There was a affair ofcost rise in caseof following safe stuff but strategic council advise to follow safer chemicals instantly and research for cost effectual safer ch emicals in future. Planning is used in planing, material subdivision, energy efficiency, selling and fabrication stages to guarantee EMS has been considered at every phase of a merchandise. The impact of pressman use on environment can be best understood by sing C print produced as a consequence of energy use during its industry, usage and so in waste disposal. All phases of pressman should be considered get downing from, pressman industry to the terminal of printer life. None of the phases can be ignored as disregarding any stage will non number the existent sum of CO2 production at that phase. For illustration, if we ignore fabricating phase so we can disregard the CO2 produced at fabrication phase of the pressman. Execution and operation HP has an effectual direction system that addresses labour issues, labour direction issues, EMS issues, human resource issues, ehical issues and supply concatenation issues. The HP direction has arranged two audit systems. The internal audit system carry out frequent audits depending upon the degree and sum of hazard. The external audits are conducted to keep ISO 14001 and 9000 enfranchisement. The figure of external and internal audits vary harmonizing to the size of site aswell as the complexness of an administration. In HP Ltd, same scheme is applied for internal audits. However, the external audits are normally twice a twelvemonth to maintain ISO criterions. External audits are besides used as a tool to step and record the green house gas emanation. Internal audits farther verify these informations and helps in modifying EMS to decrese green house gas in future. Environmental protection is besides closely associated with wellness and safety ordinances. Therefor internal audits on wellness and safety are besides conducted on a regular basis by wellness and safety commission. 4.4 Communication Communication is an indispensable tool for successful operation of a company. Communication is divided into two parts ; an internal communicating and an external communicating. HP Ltd has really effectual communicating system that was further strengthened by constitution of stakeholder battle council in 2006. Stakeholder engagement council consist on HP ‘s senior directors and guarantee company ‘s relationship with NGO and other stakeholders. The council members are responsible to supply comprehensive support to identify holders in all issues. These issues may be everyday, environmental, opratonal, organizational, preparation, audt or administration. The council member make certain that stakeholder understand the HP ‘s environmental policy and follow it efficaciously. HP doesnot go forth stakeholder in isolaton but provide an integrating communicating with stakeholder into concern pattern. The communicating is carried efficaciously in HP with the aid of be aftering tool, stakeholder battle, on-line information, cognition and database, practical and physical support centres and employee ‘s support. The degree and resource of communicating in HP Ltd includes meetings, studies, input consequences, one-year studies, action programs, policy and processs, conferences and docket Sessionss. HP communicates with clients, providers, contractors and sub-contractors, stakeholders, NGOS, local and international environmental bureaus, employees and empolyers to better understand emerging environmental issues. Documentation HP has policy to document all its activities. Most of important activites are accessable through its one-year studies. HP is working towards environmental ends. It has besides adopted paperless schemes like other environmentally friendly administrations. Therefore most of HP paperss can be achieved on-line. The on-line paperss include HP providers, occupationa wellness andsafety policy, environmental guidelines, merchandise purchase understanding, purchase order term and conditions and many more. Emergency readiness Checking and disciplinary action The involvement of HP limited is existent and can be realised by HP programme to run a charting class of environmental leading in market. The EMS analyzer package, environmental advanced classs, reuse of stuff and following new engineerings are adequate grounds to label HP as an environmentally friendly company. HP has introduced a construct of environmtal matrices as a step of environmental efficiency. The matrices are focused on C print of a merchandise during its development. The usage of environmental matrices is an advanced thought as compared to life rhythm analysis methodological analysis. The environmental public presentation matrices are treated as standard units and are applicable to both domestic and commercial merchandises. HP has non merely improved its merchandises but besides recalled any merchandise, it found hazard to climate. For illustration, the pressmans either industrial, commercial or domestic usage some chemicals in the signifier of ink which is harmful to the environment and human wellness ( Dias 2004 ) . These chemical are hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and besides do important harm to lungs, skin and nervous tissues if exposed for long clip. The harmful stuffs used in pressman besides contain really hazadorous stuff including Silver, Phosphoric acid and Isopropyl intoxicant. HP has taken a careful attack and introduced less harmful chemicals. One of such steps is the arid printing. The waterless engineering reduces VOCs ( Volatile Organic Compound ) emanations by 98 % . The VOC are the major subscriber in formation of low degree Ozone ( Counsell et al 2007 ) . The low degree ozone can do respiratory jobs and worsen asthma and other respiratory diseases. The VOC are gasses dwelling on harmful chemicals with negative wellness effects. These chemicals cause environmental pollution by distributing crude oi l based ink dies ( Erbes 1996 ) . Petroleum based inks have been the traditional pick in the printing industry. These inks are non considered as environmentally friendly. The other disadvantages of crude oil based inks are the usage of non-renewable resource-petroleum. HP has introduced ink betterment in print industry. These inks are vegetable based and soy based inks and let go of few fractions of VOC. Management Review HP has adopted EMS system for many old ages but it is continuously updated after reappraisal, alteration and amendments in the visible radiation of feedback received by assorted resources. EMS is reviewd andupdated by assorted ways. For illustration, HP run an on-line moralss class for its employees and each employee is tracked either he has updated his preparation or non. In add-on to moralss preparation, other preparations like environmental protection, wellness and safety, fire drill, emergy emptying and consciousness of policy and processs are besides availablein local and multiple linguistic communications. The best illustration of a compulsory preparation at Canada HP centre is called â€Å" Work Well † preparation and cnsist on ergonometric appraisal and compulsory preparation faculties. Stakeholders are besides involved in environmental awareness preparation but it is conducted by HP employees directy interacting with external stakeholders by virtuousness of their busi nss activities. An on-line consciousness an preparation programm is besides available through HP chief web site. In add-on to earlier mentionedtrainings, HP arrange leading, entire quality direction preparations and any farther preparation, it considered necessary for the protection of gobal environment. Life rhythm analysis and EMS Global heating, environmental pollution, industrial reforms to pull off environmental pollution and human attempts to command planetary heating are hot issues now-a-days ( Curran 1996 ) . Every merchandise has a life rhythm get downing from its fabrication to its terminal of life ( Lehman 2007 ) . The life rhythm appraisal ( LCA ) is a important tool to measure the impact of a merchandise on environment throughout its life ( Hischier 2007 ) . Mechanical and fabricating applied scientists can take benefit of LCA informations of a merchandise to reexamine and revise the stuff, design and engineering of the merchandise to cut down its negative impact on the environment ( Fussler et al 1996 ) . With the information of LCA of the merchandises, it is possible to choose environmentally friendly stuff to do merchandises pleasant, less harmful to environment and more efficient ( Guinee 2001 ) . Cost has been a important inducement but information of planetary heating has changed man of affair s and purchaser ‘s position about a merchandise ( Newton 1993 ) . Both purchaser and concern adult male is more attractive to environmentally friendly merchandise ( Cramer et al 1997 ) . Use of computing machines in modern epoch has created a batch of peripheral and accoutrements used parallel to the computing machines. Printers, scanners, web Cam and many other accoutrements are mundane usage in modern epoch. Each of these merchandises is made of assorted stuffs and therefore has assorted phases of life rhythm. There are three important methods to measure the environmental impact of a merchandise ( James 1997 ) . These are known as eco-point, eco-cost and eco-compass. In life rhythm environmental cost analysis ( LCECA ) , the eco costs are included into the entire cost of the merchandise. The LCA of a pressman has been outlined in figure ( 1 & A ; 2 ) get downing from its industry to the terminal of life. The life rhythm of the pressman defines the stuff and energy associated with the pressman over its life rhythm from the extraction, aggregation of the natural stuff at production site, production procedure, its usage, reuse, recycling or disposal at the terminal of life and its part in the planetary C pes print. In a existent sense, the LCA of pressman is an analysis of the stuff and energy flow till the terminal of merchandise life. The packaging and transportation of pressmans besides contribute to the C print and do a part in their life rhythm ( Hischier 2007 ) . The packaging consists on composition board box, poster board, and paper manual and polystyrene restraints ( PEPI 2008 ) . There may be strips of paper film editings as been used to procure pressman packaging in the yesteryear. Transportation and transit of pressman besides contribute in the C print of th e planetary heating Figure 1 ; LCA Figure 2 ; Printer Life Cycle stages The pressmans use paper, ink and electricity through out of their life rhythm. The cartridges consist on polythene Terephthalate ( PET ) glass filled polyester and electronics. Largely, LCA of a merchandise is focused to happen out impact on C pes printing ( Guinee 2001 ) . Harmonizing to a research conducted by HP on its inkjet pressman LCA, paper has a important part in carbon pes printing ( HP 2009 ) . Contribution to carbon pes printing is a planetary nomenclature to happen out environmental impact of a merchandise during its lifecycle ( Fussler 1996 ) . An stock list tabular array has been reprocessed by taking information from two resources ( See table 1for pressman and table 2 & A ; 3 for Cartridge and packaging ) . Item`Note Metallic elements ( Total ) 910 Steel 696 Aluminum 165 Copper 49 Motor Winding Plastic ( Total ) 2179 Reclaimable 1887 Non-Recyclable 292 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene 163 Hip 1472 Others plastics 544 Includes elastomers etc Others Genera 144 Electronicss ( Total ) 507 Including external overseas telegram and power supply. Printer Total 3740 Recyclable ( Total ) 2947 Includes reclaimable metals, plastics, Cu etc. Reclaimable ( % ) 79 % Table 1 ( Inventory tabular array reproduced by information sourced Jason et al 2005 ; William et Al 2002 ) Ratio between reclaimable and non-recyclable stuff in an inkjet pressman Figure 3 ; Comparison between reclaimable and non-recyclable stuff Inventory tabular array reproduced by information sourced Jason et al 2005 ; William et Al 2002Cartridge MaterialItemMass ( gm )NotePlastics ( entire )20PET+ 15 % GF20Other PlasticsOther Generals ( entire )Electronicss4Ink21Black 21 g/Color 42 gCartridge Total45Table 2 ( Jason et al 2005 ; William et Al 2002 )Printer PackagingTable 3Printer PackagingItemMass ( gm )NotePolystyrene0.014Transporting restrainPolycarbonate0.015CadmiumPaperboard/Cardboard0.881Office paper0.107Manual etcPackaging ( Total )1.017Table 3 Jason et Al 2005 ; William et Al 2002 )